Analysis of the antimicrobial activity of mouthwashes against isolated bacterial strains
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Abstract
Considering that the oral microbiota harbors microorganisms capable of triggering caries and periodontal diseases, and that mechanical hygiene methods may be insufficient for microbial control, this study addresses the evaluation of the antimicrobial effectiveness of mouthwashes in order to identify which formulations present the best performance in inhibiting bacterial growth. To achieve this, it was necessary to analyze different compositions of commercially available mouthwashes, test their action on isolated bacterial strains, and compare their inhibitory capacity at distinct dilutions. A study composed of a literature review and qualitative laboratory analysis was conducted using the serial dilution technique applied to four formulations: 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate, essential oil, triclosan, and cetylpyridinium chloride. The results showed that chlorhexidine gluconate inhibited bacterial growth in all strains tested, followed by cetylpyridinium chloride, which demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity in most dilutions. Triclosan exhibited limited inhibitory effect, restricted to higher concentrations, while the essential oil-based mouthwash showed no antimicrobial activity against the evaluated bacteria. It was concluded that 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate remains the most effective formulation among those analyzed, whereas cetylpyridinium chloride stands out as a potential alternative. The findings reinforce the importance of chemical agents in microbial control and highlight the need for further quantitative and clinical studies to expand the applicability of these results.
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