Compreendendo os efeitos farmacológicos dos benzodiazepínicos e o impacto negativo na memória

Abstract

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are a class of medications widely effective in the treatment of conditions such as anxiety and insomnia. They work by binding to BZD receptors in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor complex in the central nervous system. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neuronal activity, and BZDs affect GABA-A receptors, making them targets for hypnotic, sedative, and anticonvulsant medications. There are different subtypes of GABA-A receptors with varied functions, and BZDs have affinity for some of these subtypes. These medications play a significant role in modulating neuronal excitability and neural cell communication. Due to their potency, BZDs come with significant adverse effects. Therefore, it is crucial that patients are properly informed about the risks and benefits associated with BZD use. Additionally, supervision by healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, is essential to ensure appropriate use of these medications. To minimize dependence on BZDs, it is important to consider non-pharmacological alternatives, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and lifestyle adjustments, especially in the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. In summary, a thorough evaluation of BZD use, considering potential effects on memory and cognition, and precise patient guidance are fundamental steps to ensure the rational and safe use of these medications.